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Operating System (OS):
OS works as a mediator between user and hardware or it provides an interface between the user and the computer.
Operating System manages computer's process functioning and run applications. And control peripheral devices and different components.
An OS performs basic input, output tasks. And allow users to interact with computers.
Some OS are: MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Vista and MAC OS, etc.
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Main Functions of an Operating System
Memory Management:
Operating System manages the primary and secondary memory.
An OS performs all the activities for memory management like, keep the track of primary memory.
It allocates and deallocates memory to the program in the computer
Processor Management:
Processor Management refers to that an OS keeps track processor and status of the process.
It allocates the CPU to process different tasks.
An Operating System De-allocates procesor when a process is no longer required.
Device Management:
Device Management means it performs all the operations of allocating and deallocating the device to the computer system. And keep track of all connected devices to the computer system.
File-Management:
File Management means it have all the records of where the file or information is saved.
And the file system is organized in the directories and these directories are used to store data or information.
Other Important Activities:
Security:
Security prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
Control over system performance:
Recording delays between a request for a service and a response from the system.
Job Accounting:
It track of time and resources used by various job and users.
Error Detecting Aids:
Production of dumps, traces, errors, messages and other debugging and error detecting aids.
Co-ordination Between other Software and User:
Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
Features of an Operating System
Here is a list of important features of the operating system:
i) Program Execution.
ii) Resource Allocation.
iii) Protected and supervisor mode.
iv) Error Detection and Handling.
v) Handling Input/Output Operations.
vi) Memory Management, Virtual Memory, and Multitasking.
vii) Allows disk access and file system device drivers Networking Security.
History of an Operating System
i) First developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage.
ii) The General Motors Research Lam implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701.
iii) In the mid of 1960sl, OS started to use disks.
iv) The First version of Unix OS was developed in the late 1960s.
v) In the present day's popular OS windows first come to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS.
Windows Accessories
It is a group of different types of programs or tools which are used for different purpose.
some window accessories are:
• Paint
• Notepad
• Calculator
• Snipping Tool
• Command Prompt
